Italy requires all citizenship and long-term residence applicants to pass a B1 Italian language test to prove their integration into Italian society. The B1 Italian language test became mandatory in 2018 under Italy’s citizenship reform law, affecting marriage-based citizenship, residence-based citizenship, and EU long-term permits.

This language requirement ensures that new citizens and residents can communicate effectively in daily life, work, and administrative situations. Understanding the B1 test requirements is crucial for anyone obtaining permanent residence status.

What is the B1 Italian language level all about?

The B1 level comes from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This framework creates a standard way to measure language skills across Europe. B1 represents intermediate proficiency in Italian.

At B1 level, you can handle most everyday situations in Italian. You understand the main points of familiar matters like work, school, and leisure activities. You can also express opinions and describe experiences in simple terms. Additionally, candidates must demonstrate an ability to carry out simple conversations on somewhat complex topics to meet the B1 requirement.

Practicing conversing, listening to Italian media, and writing daily can improve fluency. Daily journaling can improve fluency and help in using different verb tenses effectively. Effective preparation for the B1 Italian test involves structured study, regular practice with past papers, speaking with natives or tutors, and language immersion.

A B1 speaker can book hotel rooms, ask for directions, and handle workplace conversations. You can read newspapers, write simple emails, and participate in social discussions. These skills show you’re ready to live and work in Italy.

Legal basis for the B1 language requirement

Italy introduced the B1 requirement through Law n.132/2018, known as the Security Decree, which took effect on December 1, 2018. This comprehensive reform transformed Italy’s approach to citizenship and immigration. The law aimed to create stricter integration standards for new citizens.

Before 2018, Italy had no formal language requirement for citizenship applications. The previous system relied mainly on residency periods and basic documentation. This created situations where new citizens struggled with daily communication and civic participation.

The B1 test applies to citizenship by marriage, which previously required only three years of marriage for foreign spouses. Now, applicants must demonstrate language proficiency alongside the marriage requirement. The law reduced the residency period from three to two years for those living in Italy, but added the language component.

Citizenship by residence also falls under this requirement. Foreign nationals seeking naturalization after ten years of legal residence must now pass the B1 test. This applies to all residence-based applications submitted after December 2018.

Long-term EU residence permits represent the third major category affected by this law. These permits grant permanent resident status to non-EU citizens after five years of continuous residence. The B1 requirement ensures long-term residents can participate fully in Italian society.

The Italian government oversees citizenship applications and B1 certificate verification. The Ministry of Education works with approved testing institutions to maintain exam standards. Both ministries collaborate to prevent fraud and ensure certificate authenticity.

Recent court rulings have created some exceptions to the B1 requirement. The Constitutional Court issued judgment 25/2025, which exempted individuals with certified disabilities affecting language learning. This ruling protects applicants with severe, documented limitations in language acquisition.

Accepted B1 Italian language exams for citizenship

Four official certifications meet the B1 requirement for citizenship applications. CILS B1 Cittadinanza comes from the University for Foreigners of Siena. CELI B1 Cittadinanza is offered by the University for Foreigners of Perugia. Most recognised certifications for B1 level are CELI 2 and CILS B1, certified by institutions approved by the Italian Ministry of Education or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Each test has different formats and focuses. CILS emphasizes academic skills, while CELI focuses on practical communication. PLIDA balances cultural knowledge with language skills and targets everyday Italian use. The CELI and CILS certifications are based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The CILS and CELI universities provide official sample materials for exam preparation. There is a separate section to assess the grasp of Italian grammar in some exams, like the full CILS B1. For CELI 2, failure to pass one part of the exam requires retaking the entire exam.

Choose your test based on your strengths and location. Some testing centers offer more frequent exam dates. Consider which format matches your learning style best. To sit for the CELI or CILS exams, candidates must register in advance, typically 45 days prior to the exam date. CILS exams occur at various times each year and are held internationally. The CILS exams are offered at several locations, including the Italian Cultural Institute in New York. Preparatory courses for the B1 exam include practice quizzes and exam simulations.

Structure and format of the B1 Italian language test

The B1 Italian language test includes four main sections. Listening comprehension tests your ability to understand spoken Italian. Reading comprehension evaluates how well you understand written texts. Additionally, the B1 test usually includes sections on Listening, Reading Comprehension, Grammar, Writing, and Speaking. Online tests for Italian language skills can include grammar, vocabulary, and listening comprehension sections.

The writing section requires you to produce clear, simple texts on familiar topics. Writing tasks for the B1 level may include producing personal letters or emails. The speaking section involves an oral interview with an examiner. You must demonstrate conversation skills and express opinions clearly.

Most tests use a point system with minimum passing scores for each section. Common challenges include speaking anxiety and time management during the writing section. Using past papers and mock exams helps to manage time efficiently during the exam. Practicing with online tests can improve learners’ confidence when preparing for language certification.

How Aprigliano International Law Firm can assist

Aprigliano International Law Firm provides expert legal guidance for citizenship and residence applications. We help clients navigate the application process efficiently and ensure proper document preparation.

We offer personalized support for foreign entrepreneurs and families pursuing Italian immigration goals. Our multilingual team speaks English and Italian fluently. This ensures clear communication throughout your legal journey.

Ready to start your Italian citizenship or residence journey? Don’t navigate the complex B1 language requirements and citizenship procedures alone, get expert guidance from Aprigliano International Law Firm’s experienced immigration attorneys. Contact us today for a consultation and let our 20+ years of expertise in Italian immigration law help you achieve your goals with confidence and precision.